The name "Astaroth" as a male demon is first seen in The Book of Abramelin, purportedly written in Hebrew c. This latter form was directly transliterated in the early Greek and Latin versions of the Bible, where it was less apparent that it had been a plural feminine in Hebrew. She is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible in the forms Ashtoreth (singular) and Ashtaroth (plural, in reference to multiple statues of it). The name Astaroth was ultimately derived from that of 2nd millennium BC Phoenician goddess Astarte, an equivalent of the Babylonian Ishtar, and the earlier Sumerian Inanna. Astaroth has made numerous appearances in literature and film, such as Larry Correia's Monster Hunter International and the 1971 Disney film Bedknobs and Broomsticks. The demon's attacks against humans are reportedly strongest in August, and he is said to tempt people through laziness, self-doubt, and rationalized philosophies. He's described as a strong duke, often depicted as a foul angel riding a dragon, and associated with the adverse forces known as the Qliphoth in Kabbalistic texts. He is known to be a male (or female) figure most likely named after the Near Eastern goddess Astarte.įirst seen as a male demon in The Book of Abramelin, Astaroth appears in many subsequent occult grimoires. Seal of Astaroth, as depicted in The Lesser Key of SolomonĪstaroth (also Ashtaroth, Astarot and Asteroth), in demonology, is known to be the Great Duke of Hell in the first hierarchy with Beelzebub and Lucifer he is part of the evil trinity.
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